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Subsidence
The sinking of the Earth's surface due to collapses in lower layers.
Salt flat
A low-lying, flat area covered with a layer of salts.
Stripping Ratio
The ratio between the overburden and the minerals that need to be removed.
Stope
A small opening inside a mine for extracting minerals.
Seam
A long, narrow layer of coal or mineral within rocks.
Shaft
A deep vertical opening used to access underground layers in the mines.